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• Create a conceptual tool design
• Test with group of practicing physicians
• Meets assumptions
– <2% miss rate
– Superior performance to existing tools
– Available prior to seeing the patient
• Delivered in a specific format (likelihood with confidence interval)
• “Given this clinical scenario, would having this information [show
the tool] change your decision, make you more confident of your
decision, or not have much value?”
– “How much would you pay for this information?”
The Cardiac minimum viable product